How to remove a password from a pdf file in linux

The other day I had to share a password-protected PDF file to a friend of mine. Instead of disclosing the password, I wanted to remove the password and sent the file to him. I started to looking for some easy ways to remove the password protection from the pdf files on Internet. After a quick google search, I learned the following four methods to remove password from a PDF file in Linux. The funny thing is I had already done it few years ago and I almost forgot it. If you’re wondering how to remove password from a PDF file in Linux, read on! It is not that difficult.

Remove Password From A PDF File in Linux

Method 1 – Using Qpdf

The Qpdf is a PDF transformation software which is used to encrypt and decrypt PDF files, convert PDF files to another equivalent pdf files. Qpdf is available in the default repositories of most Linux distributions, so you can install it using the default package manager.

For example, Qpdf can be installed on Arch Linux and its variants using pacman as shown below.

On Debian, Ubuntu, Linux Mint:

Now let us remove the password from a pdf file using qpdf.

I have a password-protected PDF file named “secure.pdf”. Whenever I open this file, it prompts me to enter the password to display its contents.

I know the password of the above pdf file. However, I don’t want to share the password with anyone. So what I am going to do is to simply remove the password of the PDF file using Qpdf utility with following command.

Quite easy, isn’t it? Yes, it is! Here, 123456 is the password of the secure.pdf file. Replace the password with your own.

Method 2 – Using Pdftk

Pdftk is yet another great software for manipulating pdf documents. Pdftk can do almost all sort of pdf operations, such as;

• Encrypt and decrypt pdf files.
• Merge PDF documents.
• Collate PDF page Scans.
• Split PDF pages.
• Rotate PDF files or pages.
• Fill PDF forms with X/FDF data and/or flatten forms.
• Generate FDF data stencils from PDF forms.
• Apply a background watermark or a foreground stamp.
• Report PDF metrics, bookmarks and metadata.
• Add/update PDF bookmarks or metadata.
• Attach files to PDF pages or the PDF document.
• Unpack PDF attachments.
• Burst a PDF file into single pages.
• Compress and decompress page streams.
• Repair corrupted PDF file.

Pddftk is available in AUR, so you can install it using any AUR helper programs on Arch Linux its derivatives.

On Debian, Ubuntu, Linux Mint, run:

On CentOS, Fedora, Red Hat:

First, Install EPEL repository:

Then install PDFtk application using command:

Once pdftk installed, you can remove the password from a pdf document using command:

Replace ‘123456’ with your correct password. This command decrypts the “secure.pdf” file and create an equivalent non-password protected file named “output.pdf”.

Also read:

Method 3 – Using Poppler

Poppler is a PDF rendering library based on the xpdf-3.0 code base. It contains the following set of command line utilities for manipulating PDF documents.

• pdfdetach – lists or extracts embedded files.
• pdffonts – font analyzer.
• pdfimages – image extractor.
• pdfinfo – document information.
• pdfseparate – page extraction tool.
• pdfsig – verifies digital signatures.
• pdftocairo – PDF to PNG/JPEG/PDF/PS/EPS/SVG converter using Cairo.
• pdftohtml – PDF to HTML converter.
• pdftoppm – PDF to PPM/PNG/JPEG image converter.
• pdftops – PDF to PostScript (PS) converter.
• pdftotext – text extraction.
• pdfunite – document merging tool.

For the purpose of this guide, we only use the “pdftops” utility which is used to remove password of a pdf file.

To install Poppler on Arch Linux based distributions, run:

On Debian, Ubuntu, Linux Mint:

On RHEL, CentOS, Fedora:

Once Poppler installed, run the following command to decrypt the password protected pdf file and create a new equivalent file named output.pdf.

Again, replace ‘123456’ with your pdf password.

As you might noticed in all above methods, we just converted the password protected pdf file named “secure.pdf” to another equivalent pdf file named “output.pdf”. Technically speaking, we really didn’t remove the password from the source file, instead we decrypted it and saved it as another equivalent pdf file without password protection.

Method 4 – Print to a file

This is the easiest method among all of the above methods. You can use your existing PDF viewer such as Atril document viewer, Evince etc., and print the password protected pdf file to another file.

Open the password protected file in your PDF viewer application. Go to File -> Print. And save the pdf file in any location of your choice.

And, that’s all. Hope this was useful. Do you know/use any other methods to remove the password protection from PDF files? Let us know in the comment section below.

The other day I had to share a password protected PDF file with a friend of mine. Instead of revealing the password, he wanted to remove the password and I sent him the file. I started looking for easy ways to remove password protection from pdf files on the internet. After a quick Google search, I learned the following four methods to remove password from PDF file on Linux. The funny thing is that I had already done it a few years ago and almost forgot about it. If you are wondering how to remove password from PDF file on Linux, read on! It is not so difficult.

Remove password from a PDF file in Linux

Method 1: Using Qpdf

that qpdf is a PDF transformation software used to encrypt and decrypt PDF files, convert PDF files to other equivalent PDF files. Qpdf is available in the default repositories of most Linux distributions, so you can install it using the default package manager.

For example Qpdf can be installed on Arch Linux and its variants using Pac man As shown below.

Now let’s remove the password from a pdf file using qpdf.

I have a password protected PDF file called “insurance.pdf”. Every time I open this file, it asks me to enter the password to display its content.

I know the password of the above pdf file. However, I don’t want to share the password with anyone. So what I am going to do is simply remove the password from the PDF file using the Qpdf utility with the following command.

Pretty easy, right? If it is! Here, 123456 is the password of insurance.pdf proceedings. Replace the password with yours.

Method 2: Using Pdftk

pdfk is another great software to manipulate pdf documents. Pdftk can do almost all kinds of PDF operations like;

• Encrypt and decrypt pdf files.
• Combine PDF documents.
• Collate scans of PDF pages.
• Split PDF pages.
• Rotate PDF files or pages.
• Fill PDF forms with X/FDF data and/or flatten forms.
• Generate FDF data templates from PDF forms.
• Apply a background watermark or foreground stamp.
• Report PDF metrics, bookmarks and metadata.
• Add / update PDF bookmarks or metadata.
• Attach files to PDF pages or to the PDF document.
• Unzip the attached PDF files.
• Split a PDF file into individual pages.
• Compress and decompress sequences of pages.
• Repair corrupt PDF file.

Pddftk is available in the AUR, so you can install it using any AUR helper program on Arch Linux and its derivatives.

Using Hurra:

On Debian, Ubuntu, Linux Mint, run:

en CentOS, Fedora red hat:

First, install the EPEL repository:

Then install PDFtk application using command:

Once pdftk is installed, you can remove the password from a pdf document using the command:

Replace ‘123456’ with your correct password. This command decrypts the file “secure.pdf” and creates an equivalent file without password protection called “output.pdf”.

• How to merge PDF files on the command line in Linux
• How to split or extract particular pages from a PDF file
• How to Create a Video from PDF Files on Linux

Method 3 – Using Poppler

poppler is a PDF rendering library based on the xpdf-3.0 codebase. Contains the following set of command line utilities for manipulating PDF documents.

• pdfseparar – list or extract embedded files.
• pdf fonts – source analyzer.
• pdfimages – Image extractor.
• pdfinfo – Document Information.
• pdfseparar – page extraction tool.
• pdfsig – verifies digital signatures.
• pdftocairo – Convert PDF to PNG/JPEG/PDF/PS/EPS/SVG using Cairo.
• pdf a html – PDF to HTML converter.
• pdftoppm – PDF image converter to PPM/PNG/JPEG.
• pdftops – PDF to PostScript (PS) converter.
• pdf to text – text extraction.
• pdfunite – document merge tool.

For the purposes of this guide, we only use the “pdftops” utility, which is used to remove the password from a pdf file.

To install Poppler on Arch Linux-based distributions, run:

In Debian, Ubuntu, Linux Mint:

On RHEL, CentOS, Fedora:

Once Poppler is installed, run the following command to decrypt the password protected pdf file and create a new equivalent file called output.pdf.

Again replace ‘123456’ with your pdf password.

As you may have noticed in all the above methods, we have just converted the password protected pdf file named “secure.pdf” to another equivalent pdf file named “output.pdf”. Technically speaking, we don’t actually remove the password from the source file, but decrypt it and save it as another equivalent pdf file without password protection.

Method 4: Print to a file

This is the easiest method among all the above methods. You can use your existing PDF viewer like Lectern document viewer, Evince etc and print the password protected pdf file to another file.

Open the password protected file in your PDF viewing application. To go File -> Print. And save the pdf file anywhere of your choice.

And that’s it. I hope this has been helpful. Do you know/use any other method to remove password protection from PDF files? Let us know in the comments section below.

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Removing a password from a PDF on Linux

I just bought a PDF, legally, from a publisher’s website. However, in their wisdom, they decided it would be a good idea to password protect all legally-purchased PDF s. This means that each time you open the PDF using Acrobat Reader, you have to remember and type in the password to read it. (Evince, the built-in PDF viewer in Linux, allows you to permanently save the password, but I tend to use Acrobat as it copes better with some PDF s.)

So, if you know the password for a PDF and want to remove it, you can use the command line tools pdftops and ps2pdf to free your PDF from its chains.

• Install pdftops. On Ubuntu, you can do:
  apt-get install xpdf-utils
• Install ps2pdf. I think this is already included with a default Ubuntu.
• Convert the PDF to a postscript file, using the password:
  pdftops -upw

.pdf

The only thing you lose are any PDF -specific features which don’t translate to postscript, e.g. hyperlinks.

Remember, this only works if you know the password for the PDF : it doesn’t break the PDF password for you.

Learn how to unlock a PDF file

• Saint Mary-of-the-Woods College

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What to Know

In a free PDF viewer open the PDF > Enter password > Submit > Print > choose destination > Save as PDF > Save > Enter name > Save.

In Adobe Acrobat DC, open the PDF > Enter the password > OK > File > Properties > Security > Security Method > No Security > OK > OK.

This article covers how to remove password protection from a PDF file using a free PDF viewer and Adobe Acrobat DC, a paid tool.

How to Use a PDF Viewer To Remove Password Protection From a PDF

For legal reasons, you should only ever remove password protection from a PDF that you possess and know its password. Passwords are typically added to prevent plagiarism or to encrypt the information so that it’s safer to transmit online.

It’s possible to follow very similar steps in most PDF viewer apps but we’re using Google Chrome here as it’s available on all formats including Windows, Mac, and Linux.

Open Google Chrome.

Click File > Open File.

Find your password-protected PDF document and click Open.

Enter the password of the document.

Click Submit.

Click Print.

Click on the Destination drop-down menu.

Click Save as PDF.

Click Save.

Enter a name for the new document and click Save.

How to Use Adobe Acrobat DC to Remove PDF Password Protection

While Adobe Acrobat Reader is a free PDF viewer for all, Adobe Acrobat DC is a paid app that offers enhanced features for users that regularly need to manipulate PDFs. It’s also considered the more appropriate way of removing the security on a PDF.

Adobe Acrobat DC offers a free trial.

Open Adobe Acrobat DC.

Click Open File.

Find the file you wish to remove the password from and click Open.

Enter the password and click OK.

Click File > Properties.

Click Security.

Click the Security Method drop-down menu.

Click No Security.

Click OK.

Click OK one last time.

The password has now been removed from the file and you can click File > Save to save it or do anything you want with it.

What If You’ve Forgotten the PDF Password?

If you’ve forgotten the password to one of your PDFs, it can be trickier to remove the password protection.

In most countries, the only legal use of PDF password crackers is to remove the security on a PDF file that you have permission to access. Never use a PDF password cracker or removal method for a file that isn’t yours to unlock.

There are numerous free PDF password remover tools that you can try. There’s no guarantee they’ll work as it depends on the security level of the PDF and other restrictions, but it’s definitely worth trying.

Carlos Delgado

• May 02, 2019
• 23.9K views

Learn how to remove the password of a PDF (create unprotected copy of a PDF) using the QPDF CLI tool.

A PDF file that contains sensitive information and are shared via email are usually protected with a long and secure password, so only the indended user can open the file. That’s alright, at least for the normal user, however for those advanced users that know how to use the command line of Windows, the terminal of linux, that’s pretty tedious. Although there are a lot of online tools that allow you to remove the password of a PDF without effort, if you are a developer that aims to create an application with a feature that removes the password of a PDF (knowing the password of the file of course), you will need to use a third party tool/library to achieve this quickly.

QPDF is one of those tools that makes everything related to a PDF pretty easy to achieve through the CLI. QPDF is a command-line program that does structural, content-preserving transformations on PDF files. It could have been called something like pdf-to-pdf. It also provides many useful capabilities to developers of PDF-producing software or for people who just want to look at the innards of a PDF file to learn more about how they work.

Although in this short article, we will use it for a very simple thing, it’s worth to mention that this is a widely needed feature for many people. We will explain you shortly how to create an unprotected copy (without password) of an encrypted PDF (password protected).

This tutorial assumes that YOU DO KNOW THE PASSWORD TO UNLOCK THE PDF. We are not explaining a way to hack/remove the protection of a PDF file.

Removing

We assume that you already downloaded and installed QPDF for your system (windows, linux etc). The command to create an unencrypted copy a file is the following one:

You will use the –decrypt argument basically to achieve your goal. This function removes any encryption on the file, however, a password must be supplied if the file is password protected. You will provide this password with the –password argument and finally provide the input file (the PDF with the password protection) and the output file (the PDF that will be generated without protection).

Nowadays every smart user depends on PDF document for storing their information and contents because it is the most secured file format which can’t be accessed by any unauthorized user. In order to make the PDF file more secure the user protects it with a password. Sometimes due to the presence of multiple PDF files the user forgets the password. So in this article, I am going to discuss how to open password encrypted PDF file without a password.

There are two types of password which are set in PDF Documents:-

• User’s Password- This password is entered to view the contents present in the PDF file. Without entering this password you cannot access the PDF file contents.
• Owner’s Password-It is necessary to enter the owner’s password because you can’t modify the content without entering the password. If you want to print the PDF file then also the owner’s password is needed.

So one thing is clear that you cannot do anything with the PDF file until and unless you don’t have a password. So I will tell you the various solution through which you can remove the PDF restrictions and access password protected PDF file.

Four tricks to Open Secured PDF Document

There are some manual tricks which no one will tell you. You can try them according to the situation.

Remove Password via Google Chrome

• Drag and Drop the file in a new tab of Google Chrome or Make a Right Click on the file and in the Open With option select the respective browser.
• Make a Right-Click on the PDF file and Click on Print.
• Select Microsoft Print to PDF option in printers and click on Print.
• Once you will complete this process, your PDF file will be automatically downloaded on the system without password.

This trick will help you to open password encrypted PDF file without any password or third party software. If it doesn’t work then try the next trick.

Unlock PDF file using Acrobat Reader

• Download, Install and Open Adobe Acrobat Reader.
• Now Open the PDF file from which you want to remove the password.
• Under the File, Tab Click on Properties and then on Permission Details.
• Click on Security
• Choose No Security
• In Security Method, Drop-Down menu Click on Remove Password.
• Save the PDF at the Desired location.

After saving the PDF file you will be able to open it and can see all the contents present on it.

You May like this article as well:- 5 Causes of Data Loss

Try Free Web Application

There are many free websites which remove the PDF passwords easily. You just have to upload the PDF file and in no time they will remove the password and you can download the password-free PDF. But you can’t trust this website blindly. There are some chances of data loss and PDF file corruption. Your PDF file can be misused by the moderators. So this trick works but your data is not secure.

What should you do now?

Don’t worry you can try the PDF Restriction Remover tool which will definitely remove the password from the secured PDF files.

PDF Security Remover Software

This software is specially designed to remove any kind of restriction from a PDF Document. If the PDF file is encrypted then also this tool can read that file. I would like to share some of the features of this software:-

• Removes Password from multiple PDF files in a Single Shot.
• Deletes Owner’s and as well as User’s Password from PDF file.
• The user can copy, edit and print content from the PDF file.
• Modification of Metadata is possible.
• Compatible with all the versions of windows
• Saves recovered Data

So, if you don’t want to follow the lengthy tricks then try this shortcut. It will help you to open password encrypted PDF Document.

Conclusion

I have told you the various tricks so it is up to you that which trick fits in your situation. If you don’t want to waste your time on the manual tricks then you can go with the professional tool. The web applications are also effective but they are not safe. So take the best decision and make your choice.

I wish you remove your PDF password and open the document.

Portable Document Format (PDF) is one of the most frequently used file formats today. While it offers password protection, there are times when you might want to create an unsecured copy of a secured .pdf file, say for your personal use, so that you do not have to enter the password each time you open the file. In this article, we will discuss a couple of ways in which you can achieve this.

Create an unsecured PDF from command line

This method requires you to have the pdftops and ps2pdf command line utilities installed on your Linux system. If you’re running Ubuntu, these utilities should already be available, but if that’s not the case, you can install them by running the following command:

Once all requirements are in place, first execute the pdftops command (syntax given below) to convert the password-protected PDF file into a postscript (.ps) file:

In the command template shown above, the -upw option is used to specify a user password for the PDF file. Replace [password], [complete-path-to-pdf-file] and [complete-path-to-ps-file] with the actual password you use to open the .pdf file, the filepath of the pdf file and the location to save the .ps file. In this case, these two were: “

Once you run this command, a postscript (.ps) file should be generated at the location you specified in the command.

The next step is to convert this postscript file into a .pdf file, something which can easily be done using the ps2pdf command. Here is the command that I used in my case:

and it produced “unsecured.pdf” in the same directory.

Now when you open this newly generated PDF file, it should not ask for a password.

Create an unsecured PDF using Document Viewer

This method focuses on achieving the same using Document Viewer, the default PDF viewer in Ubuntu. First, open your password-protected PDF file in Document Viewer by entering the password:

Once the file is opened, go to “File -> Print”, and make sure the “Print to File” option under the “General” tab is selected.

Then, make sure that the File option contains the output PDF name and location of your choice – you can change this information by clicking on the button where this information is displayed. For example, I changed the output file name from “secured.pdf” to “no-password.pdf.”

Now, just click on the “Print” button and the unsecured PDF file will be saved at the location specified in the File option, which in my case was “

Try opening the new file now, and it shouldn’t ask you for any password.

Conclusion

Of course, these aren’t the only two ways to create an unsecured .pdf file from a password-protected one, but the methods discussed in this article should give you an idea of how to achieve the same using command line as well as GUI.

Have you ever tried any of these (or any other method) to create unsecured .pdf files? How was your experience? Share your thoughts in the comments below.

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Carlos Delgado

• May 05, 2019
• 127.9K views

Learn how to crack a protected PDF with brute force using John The Ripper, the fast password cracker in Kali Linux.

John the Ripper is a fast password cracker, currently available for many flavors of Unix, macOS, Windows, DOS, BeOS, and OpenVMS (the latter requires a contributed patch). Its primary purpose is to detect weak Unix passwords. Besides several crypt(3) password hash types most commonly found on various Unix flavors, supported out of the box are Kerberos/AFS and Windows LM hashes, as well as DES-based tripcodes, plus hundreds of additional hashes and ciphers in “-jumbo” versions.

In this article we will explain you how to try to crack a PDF with password using a brute-force attack with JohnTheRipper.

1. Build JohnTheRipper binaries

We will need to work with the Jumbo version of JohnTheRipper. This is a community-enhanced, “jumbo” version of John the Ripper. It has a lot of code, documentation, and data contributed by the user community. This is not “official” John the Ripper code. It is very easy for new code to be added to jumbo: the quality requirements are low. This means that you get a lot of functionality that is not “mature” enough or is otherwise inappropriate for the official JtR, which in turn also means that bugs in this code are to be expected.

Proceed to obtain the source code of JohnTheRipper (The “bleeding-jumbo” branch (default) is based on 1.8.0-Jumbo-1) from the repository at Github with the following command (or download the zip with the content and extract into some directory):

This will create a directory namely JohnTheRipper in the current directory. You can read more about the “Jumbo” version of JohnTheRipper project in the official website or visit the un-official code repository at Github here. Switch to the src directory of JohnTheRipper with the following command:

Proceed to download the package lists from the repositories with the following command:

And install libssl:

The library requires libssl (openssl) to be installed in your system, so in case you don’t have it the previous command will do the trick to accomplish this requirement. Once the repository has been cloned, proceed to enter into the source directory that contains the source code of JohnTheRipper:

Inside this directory we will proceed with the build with the following instruction:

This version of Jumbo has autoconf that supports the very common chain, allowing you to compile the sources on a Unix-like system. Once the build process finishes, switch to the run directory inside the JohnTheRipper directory:

Inside this directory you will find (after the build) all the tools that the library has to offer (including john itself), you can list the directory to compare:

You will see all the tools of JohnTheRipper inside this directory:

Now that you have the tools to proceed, let’s get started with the brute force attack.

2. Generate PDF hash file

JohnTheRipper, as mentioned at the beginning of the article is not related by itself to PDF´s, but to passwords and security stuff. That’s why you will need to create the hash file of the PDF using the pdf2john.pl tool (available in the run directory after compiling from source). This tool allows you to obtain the hash (Read meta information) of the file through this perl script, which can be extracted into a new file with the following command:

This command will create a .hash file in the defined directory. This is the file that we will use to work with JohnTheRipper tool:

The pdf.hash file contains a text like:

Now that we have the hash file, we can proceed with the brute forcing using the john CLI tool.

3. Brute Force with John

Now that we have the .hash file of the PDF with password that we want to unlock, we just need to pass the file as argument to the CLI tool of JohnTheRipper (in the run directory):

This will use UTF-8 as the default input encoding and will start to guess the password of the PDF file using the default wordlist of the library. If it’s found, it will display the password and the path to the protected PDF:

If you try to run the command on the same file after the password has been guessed, you will see the following messages: “No password hashes loaded”, “No password hashes loaded”, or “No password hashes left to crack (see FAQ)”. Cracked passwords will be printed to the terminal and saved in the file called $JOHN/john.pot (in the documentation and in the configuration file for John, “$JOHN” refers to John’s “home directory”; which directory it really is depends on how you installed John). The $JOHN/john.pot file is also used to not load password hashes that you already cracked when you run John the next time.

If that’s the case, you will be able to see the password again of the same file using the –show flag:

So the password will be shown (in our case 54321 ):

Using a custom word list

If you don’t want to use the default password.lst file of JohnTheRipper, just specify the path to the new file using the –wordlist argument:

As final recommendation, the tool offers to crack a lot of files, so you may want to read the documentation of the library. The rest of documentation is located in separate files, listed here in the recommended order of reading:

by ruchi · April 14, 2008

Sponsored Link

pdfcrack Features

Supports the standard security handler (revision 2 and 3) on all known PDF-versions

Supports cracking both owner and userpasswords

Both wordlists and bruteforcing the password is supported

Simple permutations (currently only trying first character as Upper Case)

Save/Load a running job

Optimised search for owner-password when user-password is known

Install pdfcrack in Ubuntu

sudo aptitude install pdfcrack

This will complete the installation.

pdfcrack Syntax

pdfcrack -f filename [options]

pdfcrack Options

-b, — -bench — Perform benchmark and exit.
-c, — -charset=STRING — Use the characters in STRING as charset.
-m, — -maxpw=INTEGER — Stop when reaching INTEGER as password length.
-n, — -minpw=INTEGER — Skip trying passwords shorter than INTEGER.
-l, — -loadState=FILE — Continue from the state saved in FILENAME.
-o, — -owner — Work with the ownerpassword.
-p, –password=STRING — Uses STRING as userpassword to speed up breaking ownerpassword (implies -o).
-q, — -quiet — Run quietly.
-s, — -permutate — Try permutating the passwords (currently only supports switching
first character to uppercase).
-u, — -user — Work with the userpassword (default).
-v, — -version — Print version and exit.
-w, — -wordlist=FILE — Use FILE as source of passwords to try.

pdfcrack Examples

pdfcrack options and examples

Installation of Evince Command

If “evince” is not installed on your Linux Operating system, you can install it using the following commands based on your Operating system.

Ubuntu/Debian-based Operating Systems

For Ubuntu or Debian based Operating system, you can execute the command typed below to install evince:

CentOS/Fedora/RHEL-based Operating Systems

For the latest versions of CentOS, Fedora, or and RHEL-based Operating systems, the following command can be used for installing evince:

Arch Linux based Operating Systems

Arch Linux based Operating system users can execute the below-given command for installing evince without having the sudo privileges:

Syntax

The syntax is really simple and easy.

Example

Suppose we have a PDF file “file.pdf” in the Downloads directory.

To Open the “file.pdf” file, either first navigate to the directory using the cd command:

Execute the evince command by providing it the PDF file’s name:

Or directly provide the file name and path to the evince command to open a PDF file from anywhere in a Linux terminal.

After providing a PDF file and executing the evince command, the PDF file will open up.

If you want to explore more about the evince command, you can walk through the man page of the evince command using the command typed below:

Conclusion

The evince command is a default document viewer of GNOME, and it can be used for viewing any document like images, PDF files, and URLs. In this post, we have learned to open a PDF in the Linux terminal using the evince command. If you want to learn more about the usage of the evince command, feel free to read the man page and use it to your exact needs.

To protect pdf file content is always safe, do not allow others to change or edit, usually the computer user or set an access password or set certain limits for the file. Doing this may bring you some troubles when even you yourself cannot remember the characters used as passwords, the best way to be able to manipulate pdf files in this case is to remove them. those limits.

• The best online file conversion tools for all your formatting needs
• 5 steps to remove PDF password online

In order to protect the content of PDF files, it is always safe, do not allow others to change or edit, usually computer users or set up access passwords or set certain limits for that file.Doing this may give you some trouble when even you yourself cannot remember the characters used as passwords, the best way to be able to manipulate PDF files in this case is to remove them. those limits.

If you do not want to do cumbersome steps to install specialized software, you can try one of the five online applications below, most of them have a friendly, simple interface that is easy to use.

1. Free My PDF

When you access the home page of this application, you will come across a neat interface, showing all its features on it. To get started, simply click the Choose File button (for Google Chrome ) and if you use Firefox or IE, this button will be Browse . then select the PDF file to unlock ( up to 150MB ) then click the Do it! After it is done, it will download the result file to the computer.

2. Smallpdf

At the home page interface, you select the file and then press Unlock PDF file .

3. PDFunlock

Similar to the two sites above, here you can easily remove the limits set in just a few clicks, when selecting a PDF file to upload, if you accidentally choose you can choose a pdf file. else by clicking the Resetear el formulario button below. Then you just press the Desbloquear button to get the result immediately.

4. Online 2 PDF

To remove the limits for PDF files, simply click Select files to select the PDF file and press Convert . If you need to change another file, you can press Reset.

5. Ensode.net

In addition to the pages introduced above, when deadlocked, you can use another page, Ensode.net, to remove the limit of pdf files with a maximum capacity of 5 MB . When using this page, please note to scroll down to see the Choose File button and check the option I accept the terms and conditions to agree to the service conditions set. Done, click the Submit button.

1. Remove PDF file password in 3 steps
2. How to create Bookmark for PDF file?
3. How to cut and split PDF files?

Introduction

The PDF Password Remover can be used to decrypt protected Adobe Acrobat PDF files, which have “owner” password set, preventing the file from editing (changing), printing, selecting text and graphics (and copying them into the Clipboard), or adding/changing annotations and form fields. Decryption is being done instantly. Decrypted file can be opened in any PDF viewer (e.g. Adobe Acrobat Reader) without any restrictions — i.e. with edit/copy/print functions enabled. All versions of Adobe Acrobat (including 7.x, which features 128-bit encryption) are supported.

The program that is licensed to you is absolutely legal and you can use it provided that you are the legal owner of all files or data you are going to recover through the use of our software or have permission from the legitimate owner to perform these acts. Any illegal use of our software will be solely your responsibility. Accordingly, you affirm that you have the legal right to access all data, information and files that have been hidden.

You further attest that the recovered data, passwords and/or files will not be used for any illegal purpose. Be aware password recovery and the subsequencial data decryption of unauthorized or otherwise illegally obtained files may constitute theft or another wrongful action and may result in your civil and (or) criminal prosecution.

Features

Easy to use;

Support drag and drop PDF files;

Do NOT need Adobe Acrobat software ;

Support Windows 98, ME, NT, 2000, XP, 2003, Vista, etc. systems ;

Support both 32bit and 64bit systems;

Remove the security settings from your encrypted PDF file is instant;

Support command line operation (for manual use or inclusion in scripts) ;

Support PDF1.7 format (formerly only supported by Acrobat 8.0 application) ;

Support PDF1.7 (Acrobat 8.x) files, including 40-bit RC4 decryption, 128-bit RC4 decryption, AES decryption, compressed files and unencrypted metadata ;

Batch operation on many files from command line ;

Support Adobe Standard 40-bit Encryption, Adobe Advanced 128-bit Encryption and AES Encryption ;

Decrypt protected Adobe Acrobat PDF files, removing restrictions on printing, editing, copying ;

USE PDF Password Remover software

The demo version of PDF Password Remover is a fully functional product with all features required for testing available. After you are convinced that the program fits your needs, you are strongly encouraged to purchase and register your copy of the software by acquiring a personal unlock key, the demo version is can only decrypt the first half pages of your original PDF file.

In your evaluate period, you may click �Try� button to try this software .

Main interface of the software:

Open PDF(s): Open PDF files and Decrypt it automatically.
View Source Document: View original PDF document.
View Target Document: View decrypted PDF document.
Delete Selected Items: Delete selected items from the list window.
Delete All Items: Delete all items from the list window.

How to use the PDF Password Remover product?

1. Open the PDF Password Remover program by either going to Programs, select PDF Password Remover v3.0 and click PDF Password Remover v3.0. The interface below will display.
2. Click the Open PDF(s) button locate the file you would like to which you would like to remove the passwords, then click the Open button.
3. You must now enter a name for the new PDF file. NOTE: You cannot use the original name of the PDF file, you must change it.
4. Click the “Save” button.
5. The above screen will display with the status of the password removal. It should say “Succeed.”, Right-click on the entry to view the document.

Command Line

To perform batch conversion or call conversion procedure from an automation script, you can use command line function in the PDF Password Remover software, You can either run this tool directly from command line or call it from any script as well. The program supports the following command-line options:

Apart from creating and editing text files, we can also encrypt files using Vim editor. This brief guide shows you how to password protect text files using Vim editor in Linux and Unix-like operating systems.

Introduction

Vim editor is a powerful and feature-rich application used to to create and edit text files. It is a cross-platform application, so you can use it on all platforms, including Android, iOS, Linux, Unix, macOS, and MS Windows.

Vim is not just for creating or editing files, we can even encrypt text files using Vim editor. To put this in other words, Vim is able to write files encrypted, and read them back.

The encrypted text cannot be read without the correct key. Whenever you try to edit an encrypted file with Vim, you will be asked to enter the right key.

If you type the same key as that was used for writing, you can read the text again. If you use a wrong key, you will see some junk and messy characters.

Enough talk! Let us go ahead and encrypt files using Vim editor in Linux.

Install Vim Editor in Linux

Vim is available in the official repositories of almost all Linux and Unix distributions. You can install Vim using your distribution’s default package manager.

To install Vim editor in Alpine Linux, run:

Install Vim editor in Arch Linux:

Install Vim editor in Debian, Ubuntu, Pop!_OS, Linux Mint:

Install Vim editor in Fedora, RHEL, AlmaLinux, Rocky Linux:

Install Vim editor in openSUSE:

Install Vim editor in Gentoo:

Install Vim editor in FreeBSD desktop:

Install Vim editor in FreeBSD server:

Password protect text files using Vim editor in Linux

All the steps given below are tested on a Fedora 34 system. However the steps are same for other distributions.

The typical way to encrypt a text file using Vim is to use the 😡 option (lowercase x ) when creating a new file.

Step 1: Open your text file using Vim editor with -x option:

Step 2: Type your passphrase twice and hit ENTER key.

Important note: Do not lose the password. You can’t read the file without the right passphrase. Also if you make a typing mistake when entering the key, you might not be able to access your text back!

Step 3: Now press the i key to enter into insert mode. Start typing or editing the file as the way you do normally.

Step 4: Once done with the editing, press ESC to exit from the insert mode and type :wq to save the file and close it.

Congratulations! We just encrypted a text file with a password using Vim.

Access or read password protected file using Vim editor

Whenever you try to access or edit the password-protected file using Vim, you will be prompted to enter the correct passphrase.

Upon entering the right passphrase, the text file will be readable again.

If you don’t enter the correct password, the text will simply look like a mess.

Please note that you can access the password-protected file only using the Vim editor, but not from other text viewers.

If you try to view the the password-protected file using other CLI or GUI text viewers and editors, you will see nothing but some junk characters as shown in the below picture.

Change encryption method in Vim editor

Starting from version 7.4.399 and above, Vim uses blowfish2 encryption method by default to encrypt files.

To view the current encryption method, simply open the encrypted file and type the following in the command mode:

You will see the current authentication method of Vim editor:

The bluefish2 is the strong and recommended encryption method in the latest editions of Vim editor.

If you’re using any old versions, you should change the encryption method using command:

Here, cm refers cryptmethod .

If you wish to switch to the less secure encryption methods, such as blowfish and zip , run:

After choosing the encryption method, don’t type :w to apply the changes.

I strongly recommend you to always use blowfish2 method , which is best for security.

Refer cryptmethod help section for more details.

To open the cryptmethod(cm) help section, run the following in command mode:

Sample output:

Change password of a file using Vim editor

If you want to change the password of an encrypted file, you should know the current password.

Step 1: Open the encrypted file using Vim:

Enter the current passphrase to view its contents.

Step 2: Type :X (Upper case x) and hit ENTER key. Next, type your new password twice and press ENTER key.

Step 3: Type :w to apply the changes to the file.

Remove password from a file using Vim editor

Step 1: Open the file in Vim editor:

Step 2: Type :X (Upper case x) and hit ENTER key. Next, DO NOT ENTER any password. Just leave the password field blank and press ENTER key twice.

Step 3: Finally, type :w and hit ENTER to save the changes to the file.

Now you can open the file without a password.

Conclusion

In this guide, we learned how to encrypt a text file or password protect a text file using Vim. In addition, we also discussed how to view and change the authentication method in Vim editor.

Finally, we saw how to change the password of text files and how to remove the password completely using Vim editor.

Learning Vim is worth your time. Learn one topic per day. You will be a master in Vim in couple days.

Useful Vim tips and tricks on this blog:

Sometimes, you may have 2 or more PDF files that you need to combine or merge into one so that you can have everything in one place. This will minimize time wasted trying to look for your PDF files which may be in different folders and other directories.

Recently I have tested a few tools to merge pdf files on Linux that I will introduce to you today. I have tested all the tools on the Ubuntu 18.04 version.

1) Using pdfunite

Pdfunite is a handy tool that can be used for merging to or more PDF documents. It is part of poppler-utils package, so when you install poppler utils, you end up with pdfunite.

To install pdfunite, we’ll install the poppler-utils package as shown

Sample Output

Next. update the system

In the downloads folder, I have 2 PDF documents

1. linux_for_beginners.pdf
2. linux_for_beginners_2.pdf

We are going to merge them using pdfunite command.

To merge the PDF documents, the syntax will be as shown

Using our files as shown earlier, the command will be

You will get the following warning in the output, but don’t worry. The files have already been merged.

As you can see, the output file merged_output.pdf has been created

Note: Files to be merged need to be in the same directory where pdfunife is executed

2) Using pdftk tool

Pdftk is yet another tool that can be used to merge PDF documents in Ubuntu 18.04. To install pdftk on terminal in Ubuntu 18.04, first add the pdftk repository

Output

Next, update your Ubuntu System

After successfully updating your system, install the pdftk tool as shown below

After the installation of pdftk is complete, you can now invoke the pdftk command to merge files. The syntax is as shown

using our earlier files, the command will be as shown

3) Using Convert tool

To use the convert command, first install it on terminal using the command below

Output

Upon successful installation, you can now merge your documents.

The syntax for merging 2 PDF files is as shown

Using our files , the command will be

Output

To Merge specific PDF pages into a single PDF file, you’ll need to pass our files with specific page numbers in square brackets to the convert command. For example to merge the 5th page from the first document with 7th and 10th pages in the second document, the syntax will be

Using our files , the command will be

Output

And Yes, it’s very possible to join page ranges.

For Example, you can join the first 5 pages from first file with first 10 pages from the other file. The syntax for this case will be

Using our files , the command will be

4) Using Ghostscript

We can also use ghostscript (gs) to merge PDf documents in Ubuntu 18.04
apt install ghostscript

Example of using ghostscript to merge 2 PDF documents

In the above example, let’s expound further on the attributes

Using our documents earlier, the command will be

Sample Output

5) Using pdfsam

Pdfsam is a simple, intuitive and easy to use GUI tool that is used to merge, split, rotate, edit and sign PDF documents. In this example, we are going to use the tool to merge PDF documents in Ubuntu 18.04. But first, let’s install it

After successful installation, define the JAVA_HOME variable in /etc/environment path using your favorite editor.

Append the following line.

reload the file

Next, download the Debian package file from pdfsam’s official site

Once downloaded, install the deb file using the dpkg command as shown.

Sample Output

To start pdfsam, run

To merge documents, click on ‘Merge’ and drag and drop the files to be merged in the section provided.

Feel free to specify other attributes in the ‘Merge Settings‘ section and once done click on the ‘Run‘ icon located at the bottom. Once done, you’ll hear a ‘ding’ sound notifying you that the merging process is complete.

As seen in the above examples, merging PDF files on Linux is very easy and straight forward on the terminal. Give it a try and let us know how it went. Your Feedback is much welcome in our comment section. Thank you and feel free to share this tutorial on your social handles.

11 Comments. add one

Winnie: your article is excellent! I searched but cannot find easy way to do this in Windows easily without installing new program.

I like ‘convert’ for its ability to join page ranges. To my surprise, my Peppermint Linux has it pre-installed. I feed the ‘convert’ with 5 files names and it output a merged file in seconds! The merged file carries pages in order of the file names I input.

Please keep writing!

Thanks, JCW! We highly appreciate your feedback and are happy this article was beneficial to you. keep it Linoxide !

For security reasons, our users often ask whether it is possible to start password recovery without uploading the file to the LostMyPass website? We are happy to answer that you have such an opportunity, however, you will need to get the hash of this file yourself on your PC. Obtaining the file hash value may be difficult to understand for an unprepared person and requires some technical skills from the user. If you find it difficult, then look up for a technically competent person who could help you, simplify and speed up the process.

So, here is a step-by-step guide on how to extract a hash from password protected files: MS Office files (Word, Excel, PowerPoint), PDF, Zip and Rar archives.

Windows or Linux

To extract a hash, you need to have an idea of how to use the command line and install third-party utilities. In most cases, our customers use the MS Windows operating system and therefore may experience some difficulties with these issues. Linux users, as a rule, are more technically savvy and know how to use the command line or terminal, they actively use package managers.

All further instructions are written for Windows users. However, Linux users should not experience problems performing similar actions on their computers. In case of questions, please contact our technical support.

Step 1. Create a Folder

First of all, create a folder to work in. To simplify experience with Command Prompt, the easiest way is to create a folder in the root of your system drive. For example, on drive C: create the Hash folder. Then, copy the protected file to the that folder.

Step 2. Open the Command Prompt

Now you need to figure out how to work with the command prompt. To call the command prompt window on the screen, press the key combination Win + R; a window will appear on your screen, type cmd there and click OK.

You will see a command prompt window. Now go to our working folder, type the following command

Check whether the command is executed correctly and you are in the working folder. To do this, type the dir command. As a result, a list of files that are in this folder should appear on the screen. In your case, you should see the name of your document; if so, then everything is done correctly.

Step 3. Extracting a Hash

The procedure for obtaining the hash value depends on the type of file and may vary slightly in each individual case. Don’t close the command prompt window above, we still need it. But now we have to find and download the appropriate utility to extract the hash from the file.

MS Office Files

If you have a MS Office document (Word, Excel, PowerPoint), download the office2john.py script.

Copy the office2john.py file to the C:\Hash folder. We will need this script to extract the hash from the document. We also need a Python interpreter to run the script; you can download and install the Python Installer from the official website. When Python is installed on your computer, open the command prompt window and run the following command (replacing your_file.xlsx with your file name):

python office2john.py your_file.xlsx > hash.txt

If all is done correctly, the hash.txt file will be created in the folder; the obtained hash will be contained in this file.

PDF Files

To extract the hash from the PDF file, we need the pdf2john.pl script.

Copy the pdf2john.pl file to the C:\Hash folder. To run the script, you must have the Perl interpreter installed on the computer. Download and install it from the official website. Then, open the command prompt window and run the following command (replacing your_file.pdf with your file name):

perl pdf2john.pl your_file.pdf > hash.txt

If is’ Ok, the hash.txt file will be created in the folder.

Zip/Rar Files

Hashes from Zip and Rar archives are obtained using the zip2john and rar2john utilities, respectively. These utilities are included in the John the Ripper package.

We warn you right away that all the JTR programs are designed for Unix-like systems, but have been ported to Windows. We observed some problems in the operation of the zip2john and rar2john scripts on Windows; sometimes users are not able to get the hash from their files, some files are not processed by scripts. It will be much better to use zip2john and rar2john on Linux. If you do not know how to do this, we recommend that you find a trusted Linux user among your friends and ask him for help.

The following commands extract the hash value from archives. Use them but do not forget to replace the example with the file name of your archive.

Obtaining a hash from Zip file:

zip2john your_file.zip > hash.txt

Obtaining a hash from Rar file:

rar2john your_file.rar > hash.txt

If the whole procedure was performed correctly, the hash.txt file will be created in the folder.

Note that several hashes can be written in the hash.txt file (one for each line), which means that your archive has multiple passwords. This happens when different files in the archive are encrypted with different passwords. We can start the password recovery for each hash separately, but keep in mind that in this case you will be billed for each password recovered.

Step 4. Send Us the Obtained Hash

Email us with hash.txt attached. If the hash is accepted by our program, we will start the password recovery process and send you a link to your order page, where you can monitor the process.

How Much is It?

Please note that the orders we launch manually by the hash value are always commercial, even if your password is weak. See the Prices page.

How About the Proof?

In the case when the customer uploads his file to our website on his own, we can open the source file and send the user a screenshot of the opened document as a proof of the successful recovered password.

If we start the process manually with the obtained hash, then obviously we are not able to provide you with such proof. You will have to pay the bill to get the password and verify it by yourself. Or you can just send us the original file, we will open it and send a screenshot to you.

Legal Notes

Most of the time, working from the command line poses no problems for the server administrator. Hardly any server work actually requires a graphical interface. After all, you’re not writing documents for a case study or creating a presentation! If at all you need to open and view files, they’re likely to be configuration files that are purely text based, and in fact might be easier to manipulate from the command line. Log files with thousands of lines of text are easier to open and view from the terminal, than with a GUI.

However, sometimes you run into problems like PDF files. Under normal circumstances, you will never need to view or create a PDF file from the command line. They’re not text files after all, and play no role in administration. Moreover, they often have a specific layout that doesn’t lend itself well to display on the terminal. As such if you want to view a PDF file, it’s best to simply start up a GUI like an X Windows system and view open it there.

However, what if you just need to get a quick peek at a PDF file from within the terminal, and don’t have an X Window environment already set up? In this article, I’ll show you a quick way to use a Linux tool to open PDF files from the command line.

Step 1: Trying to View a Sample PDF File

Let’s say I have a sample text file with very basic text like this:

There’s nothing special about this. No real formatting, no multi columns. It might as well be a text file. Unfortunately, trying to open this file in Linux using the regular text based utilities just gives us gibberish:

This is because PDF has a special encoding that text editors and viewers don’t understand. So to view this properly in a command line, we have to use a tool called “pdftotext”.

Step 2: Installing pdftotext

The tool “pdftotext” is included with the suite called “poppler-utils”. This contains all kinds of useful tools for working with PDFs like merging them, extracting images, converting them to bitmaps etc. If you’re using a RHEL/CentOS installation, you can use yum:

Or “apt-get” if you have Debian/Ubuntu:

After the installation is complete, the tools will be available for you to use.

Step 3: Converting a Basic PDF File into Text

The syntax for conversion is simple:

This will output the text contents of the PDF into the textfile you supply as the second argument. You can replace it with the universal “-” to display it on the screen (standard output) piped to the “more” command if you want like this:

As you can see the content has been converted into text, and you can quickly read what the PDF has.

Step 4: Preserving Layouts

Converting the text in a PDF and maintaining a complex layout can be almost impossible. There’s no real standard, and even sophisticated GUI suites are unable to always do a good job. Just try converting a PDF e-book for example! However, pdftotext will give it a good try if you specify the “layout” option. For example, here’s a PDF with multiple columns:

We convert it with the layout option with this command:

And we get the following output:

It kind of breaks down if you have more complicated layouts like with three columns, but the tool will try and give you what you want. Just don’t expect too much!

You can get more options by using the help command:

You’ll see that you can provide user or owner passwords if necessary, specify the exact pages to extract, as well as the coordinates for a specific portion of the page. All in all, a very useful tool to have on your system if you ever need to quickly glance at the contents of a simple PDF, without needing to open a dedicated GUI tool.

Many time we got the PDF from someone or downloaded from the internet but along with the password protection. So, every time you open the PDF file you need to enter the password but that become annoying when you need to open that, again and again, using the password. In such case, you can remove the PDF password without the need of any third party software. So, here is the step by step tutorial to save the PDF file without a password but make sure you have the password to open it initially.

Save the PDF File Removing the Password

1. Select the PDF file which you to save without password.
2. Right-click on the PDF file.
3. Open with Internet Explorer. You can open it with any browser like Chrome, Mozilla Firefox, Safari, Opera etc. but I am using the Internet Explorer because it is available on all Windows operating system.
4. When PDF file opens in Internet Explorer it will ask for the PDF file Password. Enter that.
5. Once the PDF file unlocked and successfully open press CTRL +P.
6. The Print screen will open. From the left side under the printer option, you will find a drop-down box. Click on that.
7. Now select the Microsoft Print PDF.
8. Click on the Print button given at the bottom of the left side.
9. Now instead of printing the PDF, it will ask to save it.
10. Give some name to your unprotected PDF file.
11. After saving go and open it, Now you will see that the password from your PDF file successfully removed before saving.

Screenshot for Reference

1. First Enter the Password to open the file…

2. Press CTRL+P and then from the Print drop-down box select the Microsft Print to PDF.

3. Now give some name to your PDF and save it without a password.

This article focuses on how to remove password security from multiple PDF files by Adobe Acrobat program. Sometimes it is essential to access the stored data items and to print, edit as well as copy content from Portable Document Format files in absence of the person who actually added password security onto the PDFs. Moreover, erasing passwords from one file at a time is both tiresome and troublesome.

However, before discussing the method to delete password from PDF , it is necessary to know the types of password protection that can be applied to PDF documents. Then it is easy to devise ways to remove them. In the section below are discussed the types of passwords that are usually imposed as security on Adobe Acrobat portable files.

Kinds of Password Protection on PDF Files

The types of password that can be added in PDF files are:

1. Document Open Password – Known as user-level protection password, it restricts unauthorized users from opening the PDF file and accessing the stored data items. With the Document Open password applied to the portable files, only users who know the user-password only can open the file.

1. Permission Password – Permission password is also known as owner-level password. This kind of password actually restricts everyone except the owner of the document to print, edit or copy text, images or other content from the PDF file. The permission password, or Usage Restriction password also limits commenting on the Acrobat PDF files.

Removal of Passwords from Acrobat PDFs in Batch

When the query is how to remove password security from multiple PDF files then make use of Acrobat Pro. With this program passwords can be removed from PDF files in batch. However, the kinds of passwords put on the documents must be known to make PDF unlocking successful. A user can put both Document password and Permission password either individually together. Hence, while perforing the process to remove password security from multiple PDF files by Adobe Acrobat, it is essential for the user who is deleting the passwords must know which kind of password was be used.

Case 1: When security on the documents are Open Password and not Usage Restriction password, then the Open Document password must be used.

Case 2: When the security is Permission password and not user-level protection then the password that should be used to remove the security restriction is the Usage restriction password.

Case 3: When the Acrobat PDF files are protected by both the kinds of passwords that are user-level and owner-level then the password that should be used to erase the restriction is owner-level password.

Forming Batch Sequence to Remove Password Security from Multiple PDF Files

The following steps must be followed to unlock PDF documents in bulk using Acrobat Pro program. At the beginning users shall have to change a preference so that Acrobat allows users to enter the password when the batch sequence is executed.

• In Windows OS, choose Edit >>Preferences
• In Macintosh OS, go to Acrobat >>Preferences
• In Preferences window, select Batch Processinglocated at the left
• Then, from the drop down menu, set the Security Method as Password Security
• Then click OK

Tip: Users might wish to enable saving warnings and errors in log file as this is helpful when Acrobat fails to process a file. In such a situation users will have a report that they can make use of. To do this user can check the box with ‘Save warnings and errors in log file’ in the Preferences window.

• Select Advanced >>Document Processing >>Batch Processing
• Click upon the tab New Sequence button
• Give a name to the sequence (for instance: Remove Security)
• Give a click on the Select Commands button
• Then the window Edit Sequence comes up on the system screen
• The alterations as mentioned below must be made in the in the particular window.
• Click on Security in the Edit Sequence window as shown in the image below
• Then click on the Add tab
• Choose Security Method as None
• Finally, click OK

Tip: If nothing else in altered in the sequence, Acrobat shall prompt the user to locate the files and process them.

Running the Sequence

Although running the sequence is simple and easy, it is advised that all password protected PDF documents that are to be unlocked be collected at one place. This makes the process even more easy.

• Select the tabs in following order: Advanced >>Document Processing >>Batch Processing
• Click upon the sequence to be executed (here in this case it is Remove Security) and then select the tab Run Sequence

• In the Run Sequence Confirmation window click upon the button OK
• Enter in the password of the files and click OK
• Locate the PDF files from which the security has to be erased
• Finally, the files will get processed and security is removed from multiple PDF files in bulk

How to protect your PDF docs

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A document open password is a password used to restrict the opening of a PDF file. In contrast, PDF owner passwords are used to provide document restrictions in PDF files.

While this password is called the document open password in Adobe Acrobat, other PDF programs may refer to this password as the PDF user password or the PDF document open password.

How to Set a Document Open Password on a PDF

Some PDF readers may let you protect the opening of the PDF with a password but it’s usually specialized tools that include that option. There are also some PDF creators that have the option of creating a PDF user password.

With tools that create PDFs, you normally have to start off with a file that isn’t a PDF (since the idea is to create a PDF), and therefore aren’t all that helpful if you’re wanting to make a document open password for an existing .PDF file.

You can install the free trial of Adobe Acrobat to protect a PDF with a password, or of course, use the full version if you have it. Use the File > Properties menu and then the Security tab to find the Security Method option. Choose Password Security and then select the option in the new window called Require a password to open the document. Enter a password in that text field to create the document open password for the PDF file.

Two other options for adding a password to a PDF is to use the Soda PDF or Sejda website. They’re very easy to use: upload the PDF file to the website and then enter the password you want to use.

The Password Protect PDF page on Smallpdf.com is a similar website where you can stop a PDF from opening unless the password of your choosing is entered. You can use two PDFs on their site per day without paying.

How to Crack or Remove a PDFs Document Open Password

Document open passwords aren’t easily hacked but there are a few PDF password recovery tools that can do it via a brute-force attack, given enough time.

The website Smallpdf.com is one example. After attempting to remove the password for you, it will ask you to enter the password yourself if it doesn’t succeed. Either way, it removes the password for you so that you can then download it back to your computer and use it as a regular PDF file.

Like you read above, Smallpdf.com can only deal with two PDFs per day, for free users. This means you can set a password on two PDFs, remove the user password on two PDFs, or do a combination of both, but only involving two files within each day.

To simply remove the password, you can open the document in Adobe Acrobat. It will, of course, make you enter the password before you can move forward, after which you can follow the same steps as described above for setting the user password, but by choosing No Security instead of Password Security.

While the Soda PDF website mentioned above is used for securing a PDF, the Soda PDF Unlock PDF page lets you remove the password. Unlike a PDF password cracker, you have to know the password. This website is useful if you’re just wanting to remove the password protection.

PDF passwords can be hard to crack if you create a strong password that’s difficult to guess, or use a tool that encrypts the document and requires the user to enter a private key. Adobe Acrobat Pro PC offers this extra layer of privacy along with additional safeguards such as encryption certificates, printing restrictions, and editing restrictions.

I was wondering how to view and edit the code of a PDF file?

By viewing, I don’t want to see the binary format, so I think hexdump may not be what I want. I tried gedit , but no encoding method can be used to decode the PDF content.

By editing, I would like to search for /Fit and change them to /XYZ by for example sed. But my command sed s/\/Fit/\/XYZ/ 2.pdf seem not change the appearance of my PDF as I expected, although it doesn’t report any error. I was wondering if sed can actually work on PDF files as if they were plain text?

The context of my questions can be found from this question. My OS is Ubuntu 10.10.

4 Answers 4

Regarding your 1st question (“viewing source code, but no binary”): there are a few options which you have in order to de-compress the internal binary streams which are attached to many objects.

My favorite tool for this is QPDF, available on all major OS platforms. The following command de-compresses all streams and all object streams:

Now you can open your PDF in any text editor. (There may still be some binary blobs in there: for example, font files and ICC profiles, which wouldn’t make sense for QPDF to expand).

To re-compress the expanded.pdf again after editing, you can run:

(Careful when manually editing PDFs! You need to know a lot about their internal syntax in order to do this right. As soon as you add or delete a single byte, you can get error messages from PDF readers who may no longer be able to open it, because the PDFs internal ToC is corrupted, which is based on byte-offset calculations. Just replacing Fit by XYZ strings should go fine, though. )

You can view PDF documents in a Linux environment using several applications. Depending on your needs, we recommend LibreOffice if you need to edit a PDF and Evince if you need to view a PDF.

• LibreOffice
  • Debian and Ubuntu
  • CentOS
  • Fedora
  • OpenSUSE
  • Arch Linux
• Evince
  • Installation instructions

LibreOffice

LibreOffice Writer, which is part of the open source LibreOffice suite, does a great job opening, viewing, editing, and writing PDF documents.

Installing LibreOffice: Debian and Ubuntu

Debian and Ubuntu both use the APT package management system. In your terminal, run the following command to install the LibreOffice software package:

Installing LibreOffice: CentOS

In CentOS, download the LibreOffice package from the LibreOffice website that is appropriate for your system architecture. For instance, in this example, we downloaded LibreOffice_5.1.4_Linux_x86-64_rpm.tar.gz, which is an RPM package of LibreOffice 5.1.4 for 64-bit computers. The destination folder for the download is our Downloads directory.

Open a terminal and navigate to the directory where you downloaded the archive. For example:

The archive is a gzipped tar file. Extract it.

The archive directory structure is extracted to the current directory. Change to the directory containing the RPMs:

Use the yum package manager to install all the RPM packages. Any required dependencies are also downloaded and installed.

Installing LibreOffice: Fedora

Installing LibreOffice on Fedora is similar to installing on CentOS. First, download the RPM archive for your machine architecture from . In this case, we downloaded the same 64-bit RPM archive as above, LibreOffice_5.1.4_Linux_x86-64_rpm.tar.gz.

Navigate to the directory where you downloaded the archive. For example:

Extract the archive.

Navigate to the directory containing the RPMs.

Install all RPMs with the dnf package management tool. Dnf is similar to yum, but the command syntax is slightly different for installing local packages:

Installing LibreOffice: OpenSUSE

OpenSUSE uses the zypper package management tool. From your terminal, run:

Installing LibreOffice: Arch Linux

Arch Linux uses the pacman package manager. To install LibreOffice, run:

Choose the package libreoffice-fresh or libreoffice-still. For the newest features, choose libreoffice-fresh. For the version that is the most reliably stable, choose libreoffice-still.

Evince PDF viewer

Evince is a lightweight program that loads and renders PDF documents in a clean, precise manner. You may prefer it to LibreOffice if all you need to do is view a PDF.

Installing Evince

Or, if your Arch system does not have sudo:

Are you digging for a solution regarding ‘ remove PDF Owner Password’ all over your browser? Then, don’t worry we have come up with better solutions to ease the search. A user feels blank when he/she tries to access the PDF file but fails simultaneously. It is mainly because the PDF file may be encrypted with PDF Proprietor Password. To make users access the PDF file, he/she can try using the Adobe Acrobat Pro to exclude the PDF proprietor key.

A PDF proprietor security key is also known as permission password. A security key is applied to the PDF file only to impose document restrictions.

Besides, there are two kinds of PDF Password files:

• Owner Locked Password PDF
• User Locked Password PDF

Table of Contents

What is PDF Owner Password File?

Proprietor locked PDF file is a file locked by the owner himself. So, no third person can view the content of the file until or unless he/she knows the private key to unlock the PDF file.

What do you mean by User Locked Password PDF?

User Locked PDF file is when the user set password on PDF file after generating the PDF file. This will help the user to protect his PDF file from insecurities.

Smart DIY Tricks to Remove PDF Owner Password:

Remove Permissions Password from PDF using Adobe Acrobat Pro

The correct way to exclude PDF security keys is by using Adobe Acrobat Pro software. If you can recall the native restriction password, then you can unprotect and exclude all kinds of security measures in your PDF file within a few steps.

1. First, launch your protected PDF file with Acrobat Pro. Redirect to the File menu and then hit Properties.
2. Secondly, in the Document Properties popup wizard, redirect to the Security tab. The file limitation record shows the actions that are not permitted. To exclude all the limitations, you have to tap “No Security” option in the “Security Method” drop-down menu.
3. Thirdly, the following popup will state the status of your current PDF account that is whether it is protected or unprotected. If its protected, then type in your existing PDF restrictions password and hit OK.

1. Now, tap OK to verify that you wish to exclude security from this document.

1. Lastly, save your changes, the password restrictions will be deleted from the native Portable Document Format.

How to Remove Owner Password from PDF using Chrome?

You will be shockingly surprised to find that Chrome has an inbuilt PDF reader/writer attribute. This attribute could help unlock and exclude PDF restrictions password. Let’s take a peep:

1. First, redirect to the Google Chrome browser and drag-drop your Locked PDF file into the current or a new window. The browser will then ask you to fill in the restriction password. Type in the security key and hit OK to access the file.
2. Secondly, hit the Print icon on the PDF viewer toolbar and hold the Ctrl + P keys together.
3. Thirdly, under the Destination section, tap the Change button to choose “Save as PDF”. Next, press the Save button.
4. Next, in the ”Save As” popup window, select a path where you wish to save the new PDF file, type in the file name. And then tap Save.
5. Lastly, launch the new PDF file without any password. So, it will simply allow you to print, edit, and make changes to the original file.

How to Exclude PDF Owner Password Conveniently?

If the user has no more time to spend extra minutes accessing the PDF file using the above approach, then, he/she can redirect to a quick, reliable, and 100% secure method to remove PDF file restrictions. One such reliable solution is PDF Unlocker Tool. To know more about the utility, take a look at below-mentioned features of the utility.

Attributes of PDF Security Remover Tool:

• Unlocks protected PDF files by removing security parameters quickly.
• Compatible with single as well as batch PDF files for bulk action.
• Ensure no change in PDF file structure and format structure .
• Users can modify the metadata with the help of this tool.
• Allow users to edit, print and copy PDF documents.

Summing It Up:

The above methods are reliable in removing PDF owner password. The parts of the manual method can be tricky and confusing. Using the lengthy approach one may not end up getting a precise result. To obtain an accurate outcome, redirect to the automated solution. Select an approach wisely as PDF files are only created to keep the content confidential and leak-free.

Last updated June 16, 2020 By Abhishek Prakash 82 Comments

Brief: Wondering how to edit PDF files in Linux? At times, you don’t even need PDF editors in Linux because LibreOffice Draw can help you with that.

Sometimes you run up in a situation when you need to edit a PDF file in Linux. Like the other day, I was going through an old report which was in PDF format and I saw some typos in it. I was like, I should edit this report but I just had the PDF file. Question arises, how to edit PDF files in Ubuntu?

Now, I remembered that few years ago I used a program called pdfedit but it’s not available in Ubuntu or in any other Linux distributions anymore.

Does demise of pdfedit mean that you cannot modify PDFs in Linux?

Times have changed now. Earlier you needed to have a dedicated application for this purpose. Don’t get me wrong, there are still plenty of tools to edit PDF files in Linux, but you don’t really need them, well not in most of the cases because LibreOffice does the job for you.

Surprised? Yes, the popular Linux alternative to Microsoft Office can also edit PDF files. And perhaps this is the easiest way for editing PDF files.

How to edit PDF Files in Linux

Most of the Linux distributions such as Ubuntu, Linux Mint, Fedora etc has LibreOffice as default office suite. If you do not have LibreOffice, install it from the link below:

Once you have downloaded and installed LibreOffice, start it. On the welcome screen, click on Open File to open the desired PDF file to edit.

LibreOffice will take some time to load the PDF file. The file will be opened in Draw, part of the suite that manages graphics. Once loaded, you can immediately see that the file is in editable mode. You can also see that it recognizes the table of contents very well. Of course it depends on the original PDF file if it had a table of content or not.

You can go to the specific pages and edit the PDF file there. Just click on the text which you want to edit.

Once you are done with the edits, instead of saving the file (using Ctrl+S) option, click on Export to PDF button.

It will export the file as PDF again. Note that even after exporting the changed file as PDF, it will still ask you to save the file when you try to close LibreOffice Draw. No need to tell you that you don’t need to save it anymore. The reason is that if you try to save it, instead of exporting it to PDF, it will only give you option to save it as open graphics formats. which I presume is not what you want it to be.

I also noticed that the edited PDF was smaller in size in comparison to the original one. It saved 1.6 MB file in 1.4 MB file. Needless to mention that you can edit the just edited PDF file as many times as you want.

Limitations of editing PDF files with LibreOffice

I tried to edit files of few other formats such as ePub. But unfortunately, it did not work the same. Also, this PDF editing won’t work on scanned documents. So the files which were originally created as text and saved as PDF can be edited very easily but it’s not true in case when you have scanned document because those pages are actually images and would need tools that could apply optical character recognition. But you won’t get that with LibreOffice.

I hope this tool helped you to modify PDF files in the easiest way possible. Have you managed to edit PDF files in Linux earlier? Which tool did you use? How does it compare to LibreOffice Draw? Do share your views.

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Simple-to-handle program that helps you revert PDF files to their original, unprotected state, provided that you have specified the correct password

PDF Password Remover is a tool that enables you to remove passwords from protected PDF files. It’s highly effective and works for large files, too.

Specify the correct password

First off, we should mention that this is not a password cracker and it works only if you know the password for that document. The output document will no longer ask for a password when opened.

Installation and GUI

The installation process is very simple; no efforts are required aside from pressing a few ‘Next’ buttons.

The interface is very plain, and there aren’t any other options besides opening a PDF document, inserting the user and/or owner password, and choosing the output directory, so the program is straightforward, but very fast. Removing a password is almost instantly done.

Simple-to-trigger actions

If you have any questions about the features found in PDF Password Remover, you can access the help file. It basically describes everything the tool can do.

This is a pretty useful application, but only works when you know the password to the PDF file. That basically means you can only remove passwords of your own files. So the program is absolutely useless if, for instance, you download an encrypted document with an unknown password.

Bottom line

In conclusion, PDF Password Remover is a simple, very easy-to-use application that can revert PDF files to their original, unprotected state. For this, you need to know the password; otherwise, it can’t perform miracles. It can be easily installed and mastered, by all types of users, regardless of their experience level.

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PDF Password Remover is part of these download collections: Remove PDF Restrictions

I am new to Kali Linux and JTR but am playing around trying to crack a PDF file. I set the PDF Password to test so it’s a known password on my own file. For whatever reason JTR appears to finish cracking the file but returns (?)

What am I doing wrong, is JTR only able to crack document view passwords not document edit passwords for PDFs?

This is my file hash from running pdf2john:

I then run john on the hash using the crackstation.txt file which is a 16GB flat file wordlist:

When showing the password it looks like it’s blank but I set it to test so it should be able to crack it.

It seems like JTR is assuming the password is blank, returns immediately, and reports the password hash was cracked however the show command does not show any password.

Can anyone tell me what I am doing wrong here?

Update: I ran a few tests and figured out that John The Ripper does not appear to remove PDF “Permissions Protected” passwords. I password protected the same document two different ways then ran JTR on the hash. First I password protected for “Document Open” using the test password. I entered that into JTR and it worked! It cracked it no problem. I then removed the “Document Open” password and added a Permissions Password of test . JTR will NOT crack that, it simply returns NULL every time. So my only conclusion is that JTR does not work on Permissions Passwords . Someone please correct me if I’m wrong. I could not find any documentation on this.

There may be many reasons to password protect files and folders in a Linux environment. A common example is encrypting a file that itself contains a bunch of passwords. Since it’s impossible to remember a lot of complicated passwords, you just need to remember one and refer to it when you want. Linux has quite a few tools that offer various levels of security. In this article, we’ll take a look at two different approaches to protecting files and folders in Linux.

Approach One: User Based Permissions

The first approach is the simplest, and might suit your needs. In this, you simply assign the appropriate permissions to the file or folder, which prevents others from accessing them. Therefore, the only people who can read these documents are yourself, and anyone with admin privileges.

Denying Permissions to Others:

For example, let’s say I have a file called “testfile.txt” in a particular folder. I can deny permissions to other accounts by issuing the following command:

In this example, I’ve executed this command as “root”. So if another user tries to open it – say by using a text editor – they’ll get a “Permission Denied” message that looks like this:

We can repeat the same thing with a folder as well. If I have a folder called testfolder, I can write:

Now when I try and access it as another user, I get a permission denied message as expected:

Disadvantages of the Above Approach:

While easy to implement, this approach doesn’t provide hard security. At best, it makes it more difficult for someone to access and view your files. For one, any administrator can view your files. Or anyone capable of issuing the “sudo” command can gain access to your folder without any hassles. Moroever if you forget to log out of your account, your files are wide open to anyone passing by and they just need to sit down at your terminal and access them.

So while a permissions based protection system is easy, it’s not ideal for true security requirements. For that, we need to use encryption.

Encrypting Files and Folders

This is where security gets serious. In this section, I’ll show you how to encrypt a file using the OpenSSL tool. There are other of course, but I prefer to use programs that are already installed. Chances are that you already have the OpenSSL tool installed on your system. If not, just use apt-get or yum, or whatever package manager you use for your system.

Let’s say I have a file called “filetoencrypt”. I can encrypt it using OpenSSL like this:

Here, we use an encryption cipher called “AES-256-CBC”. The “in” parameter specifies the input file, and the “out” parameter specifies the output file. When you execute this command, it’ll ask you for a password and after verifying it, it’ll place the decrypted file with the “out” filename. Like this:

Now if I try and open the encrypted file using a text editor, I get rubbish:

When you protect files like this, it doesn’t matter whether the user is an administrator, or has sudo privileges. Nothing but a password is capable of breaking open this file.

Decrypting a File with OpenSSL:

To decrypt the above file, use the following command:

The “-d” parameter means that we want to decrypt. We use the same encoding cipher as the last time and place the contents into a new file with the “-out” parameter like this. Now it’ll again ask you for the password and you have to specify the same one that was used to encrypt it in the first place:

And we can now view the decrypted file as usual:

Of course, you need to ensure that you clean up after using OpenSSL. After encryption, you should delete the original file to make sure that it’s not accessible. And after you’re done reading the decrypted file, you should delete that as well. It can get a bit tedious. But there are some tools to make your life easier. The text editor vim for example, has a user created script that allows you to encrypt and decrypt text files on the fly.

To encrypt entire folders and directories, it’s best to zip the contents into a single file and then encrypt it. You can read my earlier tutorial on how to zip files and folders.

So if you’re looking for strong security, encryption is the way to go. If however, you only need medium security and are the sole user with admin privileges, then user based permissions are much easier to implement.

Using the /etc/shadow file

Linux systems use a password file to store accounts, commonly available as /etc/passwd. For additional safety measures, a shadow copy of this file is used which includes the passwords of your users. Or actually hashed password, for maximum security.

An example of a password entry in /etc/shadow may look like this:

For proper display, let’s split this up in several fields:

1. user1
2. $6$6Y/fI1nx$zQJj6AH9asTNfhxV7NoVgxByJyE.rVKK6tK
3. 16092
4. 0
5. 99999
6. 7

Field explanations

Time to have a look what all these strings mean:

1) Username

The first field is an easy one, it is the username of the particular account.

2) Password hashing details + hashed password

The most important string in the /etc/shadow file is definitely the secon field. It includes the password details and consists of several parts:

$6 = SHA-512

$6Y/fI1nx$ = Salt and separators. The salt is a small string of characters to mix into the hashing function. Its goal is making it more difficult to perform certain password based attacks on the hashed password. This salt consists of characters a-z, A-Z, 0-9, / and .

Long string of characters = hashed password

The long string and its length depends on the hashing method used. With $6, or SHA-512, it will 86 characters.

Lengths:

• $1 = MD5 with 22 characters
• $5 = SHA-256 with 43 characters

Notes:

When the password field has a ! or *, then the account is locked. A double ! (!!) indicates a password has never been set.

3) Last changed

This number indicates when the password was last changed. The number does indicate the day number, starting from epoch date (1 Januari 1970). Right now that is in the 16000+ range.

4) Number of days before password can be changed

This field defines how long it takes before the password can be changed. In our case zero, so it can be changed now.

5) Number of days till required password change

Another pretty self-explanatory field, stating how long is left (in days), before a password change is required. A great option to force password changes.

6) Warning threshold in days

In line with previous field it describes the number of days till a warning will be giving. In this example it is a week.

7) Expire date

Also stored in days, describing when the account was expired (from epoch date).

8) Reserved field

Usually not used by Linux distributions.

File Permissions

The /etc/shadow file should be owned by the root user, with usually shadow as group owner. This file should not be world-readable, therefore 640 or 400 would be an appropriate file permission.

Consistency checking of /etc/passwd and /etc/shadow

Linux distributions usually provide a pwck utility. This small utility will check the consistency of both files and state any specific issues. By specifying the -r it may run in read-only mode.

Example when running pwck on /etc/passwd and /etc/shadow file

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Run automated security scans and increase your defenses. Lynis is an open source security tool to perform in-depth audits. It helps with system hardening, vulnerability discovery, and compliance.

Modified: May 19th, 2022

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A few months ago, I wrote a research paper. Now, the results are declared and my research paper is selected. I got a confirmation letter from my college. I have to sign that document & submit fees for publishing it. But, the problem is, due to confidential purpose, restrictions are applied on the PDF form. Due to which I can’t sign PDF as the sign option was grayed out. At this moment, I do not know what to do. Please tell me how to remove permissions from PDF file so that I could sign it easily?

I searched the manual way i.e. Google Chrome for PDF permissions removal task. There were multiple queries written on it & all are suggesting to use the “Print” option. But, the main problem is when I clicked on the print button I found that it is grayed out or disabled.

I talked to one of my friends regarding the solution to remove security permissions from PDF and she recommended me to use PDF Protection Remover. It is an automated application, that can easily bypass PDF Permissions Password. I used it and remove all permissions from PDF document. After that, I can easily sign a PDF document and perform certain operations without any problem.

For Windows

For Mac

PDF Permissions Removal Process – Step by Step

• Download the tool to remove PDF permissions
• Add PDFdocuments having restrictions
• Click on Save or Print option as per the requirement
• Click on Change & Unlock button to start the process
• Finally, the process completion message gets displayed

How to Remove Permissions from PDF Using Acrobat

Irrespective of the work you do, the small company or a large enterprise, a home user or a large business, everyone wants important documents to be confidential. When some information is to be transferred between business partners or clients, a protected PDF file is a great option. It can be password protected or secured with permissions. But, sometimes we want to change or remove security permissions from PDF document:

So, with the help of below-mentioned steps, you can change PDF permissions:

1. If you do not have Adobe Acrobat on the local machine, install it.
2. Open Acrobat, click on File followed by Open and then, open the desired PDF file.
3. Click on Properties & switch to the Security tab.
4. Now, besides the Security Method list, click on the Change Settings button.
5. Now, type the Permissions password in the Enter password box and click OK. In the Password Security – Settings dialog that appears, you can easily change or disable PDF permissions
6. Modify the security settings in the Password Security – Settings dialog
   To remove all permissions from PDF, disable the Restrict editing and printing of the document. A password will be required in order to change these permission settings option.
   To allow PDF content copying … Check enable copying of text, images, and other content; to prevent copying, clear the checkbox.
   To enable document assembly features, from the Changes Allowed list, select Inserting, deleting and rotating pages; to disable them, select None.
   To enable all the Adobe Acrobat form features, from the Changes Allowed list, select Commenting, filling in form fields, and signing existing signature fields.
   To enable only filling in and signing, disabling the creation of new form fields, from Changes Allowed list, select Filling and signing existing signature fields.
7. Lastly, hit on OK and save new PDF security settings

Note: With Adobe Acrobat users can remove security permissions from PDF document. For that, they have to select the “No Security“ option under the “Security” method and then enter the password when asked. Then, click OK & Save the changes.

Know More About The Professional Utility

There must be some questions which will be arising in your mind. So, all the possible frequently asked questions are answered here.

1. Can this tool remove permissions from PDF file of version 2.0?
Yes, you can easily remove security permissions from PDF document of any version.

2. What if when the size of the PDF file is very large? Will this software still be able to disable PDF permissions?
Yes, any type of file size limitation is not imposed by the product.

3. Is it possible to delete multiple permissions from PDF document?
Yes, this application is capable to remove all permissions from PDF file.

4. Does this software facilitate the user to convert this PDF file to other formats after removing all permissions from PDF?
Yes, once the tool remove security permissions from PDF document the resultant file can be used export into other file formats like Word, RTF, etc.

Final Words

PDF is an acronym for Portable Document File. It offers a high level of security to its users. But, sometimes, security permissions on PDF document prove to be a disadvantage. Hence, users for the solution to how to remove permissions from PDF file. So, this can be easily done by using an automated utility described in this write-up. I used this product and disable PDF permissions.

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By Ashwani Tiwari

Being a Chief Technical Analyst, I am aware of the technicalities faced by the user while working with multiple technologies. So, through my blogs and articles, I love to help all the users who face various challenges while dealing with technology.